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This publication provides an overview of key development successes and constraints in Indonesia's energy sector. It reviews the support extended by the Asian Development Bank (ADB) and other development partners together with an update on the government's energy plans and strategies. In line with ADB's 2020—2024 country partnership strategy for Indonesia, an outline of strategic initiatives and background information for energy investments and technical...
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This knowledge product explains the rationale and procedures for incorporating allowances for climate change in detailed engineering design, with a focus on credible adjustments to extreme rainfall and to mean and high-end sea-level rise. Highlighting worked examples drawn from Viet Nam's road transport sector and peer-reviewed research literature, it offers a point of departure for more sophisticated assessments of high-risk projects. It presents...
63) Manual on Climate Change Adjustments for Detailed Engineering Design of Roads Using Examples from
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This step-by-step manual describes procedures for climate change adjustments relative to extreme rainfall and local sea level estimates. The principles presented are based on worked examples discussed in the knowledge product accompanied by this manual. While the overall approach on climate change adjustment procedures and calculations are intended to be as transparent as possible, key sources of information and assumptions are open to scrutiny as...
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The public-private partnership (PPP) market in Papua New Guinea is at a nascent stage having witnessed only six financially closed PPPs with an investment of $433 million, predominantly in the energy sector. The very few PPPs in the country stem from the lack of a robust PPP enabling framework, limited public sector capacities to design and manage PPPs, and constrained ability of the government to fund infrastructure development. Realizing the critical...
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Indonesia needs significant additional infrastructure investment to sustain its economic growth. However, the COVID-19 pandemic has further limited the fiscal space of the government. This report proposes a new method to increase infrastructure investment based on the concept of value capture. The report studies how Indonesia's existing policies and regulations can be used to build a value capture framework that ensures the maximization of the social,...
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Asia and the Pacific is the most disaster-prone region in the world and water is the primary medium through which the impacts of climate change are felt. Resilient water management is central to achieving climate adaptation, managing and better preparing for natural and public health threats, and addressing water scarcity issues. This guidance note provides specific actions and tools for scaling up and mainstreaming water resilience in the region...
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This publication was prepared for the Cross-Border Settlement Infrastructure Forum (CSIF) to support its efforts to establish central securities depository and real-time gross settlement linkages. It aims to build a common understanding among CSIF members about international standards and gateways for these linkages, including user requirements and technical specifications. The publication reflects the collaborative efforts currently underway to further...
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This publication presents a detailed overview of the current state of the public—private partnership (PPP) environment in the Philippines. In over three decades, the country developed a robust public—private partnership (PPP) enabling framework through the Build-Operate-Transfer Law of 2012 and the PPP Center. Among developing member countries of the Asian Development Bank, the Philippines has a relatively mature market that has witnessed 116...
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This publication reviews recent developments in East Asian local currency bond markets along with the outlook, risks, and policy options. It covers the 10 members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and the People's Republic of China; Hong Kong, China; and the Republic of Korea.
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The Asia Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Monitor (ASM) is a knowledge-sharing product developed as a key resource for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprise (MSME) development policies in Asia and the Pacific. The ASM 2021 Volume IV reports on a technical exercise for developing an empirically rigorous index that measures various dimensions affecting MSME development in developing Asia.
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Analyzing the role companies can play in tackling climate change, this book shows how they can set up effective environmental, social, and governance (ESG) frameworks and draft resilient strategies for sustainable activities and investment. It assesses the issue of climate justice, considers the impact of "greenwashing", and looks at ways investors can evaluate ESG considerations. It outlines the corporate and economic risks of climate change alongside...
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This report highlights the results of Asian Development Bank (ADB) operations to support regional cooperation and integration (RCI) completed during 2017–2020. It outlines how ADB managed its support for RCI and used its resources, and how the bank continued leading development partners in assisting major RCI subregional programs. It notes that, in the medium term, sustaining ADB's RCI leadership and promoting wider, deeper, and more open RCI to...
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Developing Asia has the world's fastest-growing rate of greenhouse gas emissions, with the leading driver being emissions from power generation. Reducing these emissions is paramount to ensuring a sustainable future while responding to the threat of climate change. This publication provides Asian Development Bank energy sector staff, consultants, and other interested readers with an understanding of key concepts and principles for estimating and reporting...
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This report proposes a renewable energy subsidy mechanism for Indonesia to close the gap between the costs of renewable and conventional power generation. It takes into account the additional economic benefits of renewable power and considers how the government can support its rapid deployment in the power sector. The report emphasizes the need for Indonesia to adopt international best practice for planning, procurement, contracting, and risk mitigation...
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Despite significant economic growth in Asia in recent decades, millions of people in rural Asia still lack access to electricity. In response, the Asian Development Bank is working to foster universal access to energy by developing small hybrid renewable energy systems in rural Asian areas. This publication highlights the experiences of ADB's pilot projects to achieve access to electricity and energy efficiency in five developing countries in Asia....
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Highlighting the importance of Asia's small and medium enterprises (SMEs), this report shows how economies can learn from policies employed by the Republic of Korea (ROK) and the United States (US) to offer SMEs the credit they need to thrive. With SMEs making up some 96% of all Asian businesses, the report explains the challenges they commonly face and analyzes the impact of specialized financing facilities in the ROK and the US. It offers a study...
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The Government of Mongolia has identified agriculture as a priority area for growth. Agriculture sector development is key to diversifying the economy, reducing the reliance on vegetable imports, alleviating poverty, and improving nutrition in the country's large rural population. The Asian Development Bank prepared this publication, which analyzes the market and value chain for vegetables. It also presents several aspects of climate-resilient smallholder...
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This report explores green bonds and other finance instruments for climate-resilient infrastructure to help meet the growing demand for green investments and achieve a low carbon economy in Indonesia. The Climate Bonds Initiative (CBI) consulted with experts in partnership with ADB, the ASEAN Catalytic Green Finance Facility, and PT Sarana Multi Infrastruktur under Indonesia's Ministry of Finance in preparing this updated report, following previous...
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The Asia Small and Medium-Sized Enterprise Monitor (ASM) is a knowledge-sharing product developed as a key resource for micro, small, and medium-sized enterprise (MSME) development policies in Asia and the Pacific. This second volume examines how Asia's MSMEs survived over a year into the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic and discusses post-pandemic policy actions for MSME development. This study is based on the findings from MSME surveys during...
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This report analyzes how to untangle and simplify the complex product-specific rules of origin (PSRO) in free trade agreements in Asia and the Pacific and explores how technology can cut red tape and reduce inefficiencies impacting trade. It compares the leniency and stringency of PSROs under the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) in terms of manufacturing requirements with those contained in ASEAN+1 free trade agreements. Assessing...
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